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With the increase accessibility of the Internet, fans appear to be less and less content to passively consume fiction. Instead, they seek to appropriate the works they enjoy in order to extend them. While this could be achieved through several ways, the most popular is fanfiction. Indeed, it allows fans to deeply transform a fictional universe in order to make it correspond to their expectations and desires. Therefore, they participate in developing this universe, even if they sometimes bypass its creator's consent. The online ethnography of the "Héros de Papier Froissé" forum has shown that fanfiction is a collective practice helping fans express both their attachment to and criticism of the works they enjoy. Thus, fanfiction – and by extent the fandoms in which it takes place – are particularly used to offer counter-narratives to the stereotypical depictions or lack of certain identities in most mainstream fictions. However, while they are inclined to criticise mass media for the discriminations it contains, fans find it harder to admit that some discriminations are reproduced within fandoms themselves. In order to prevent their works from being associated with ideas they disapprove of, many creators try to exert control over fan practices. While this may seem legitimate at first, the risk, however, would be to prevent fans from freely expressing their criticism of the fictions, their creators, and mass media in general. ; Depuis la démocratisation d’internet, les fans se contentent de moins en moins de consommer passivement la fiction. Ils cherchent au contraire à s’approprier les oeuvres qu’ils apprécient afin de les prolonger. S’il existe plusieurs manières de le faire, le plus populaire est la fanfiction car elle permet aux fans de transformer en profondeur un univers narratif pour le faire correspondre à leurs attentes et envies. Ils participent ainsi à développer cet univers, passant parfois outre l’accord de son créateur. L’ethnographie en ligne du forum "Héros de Papier Froissé" a permis de démontrer ...
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