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13. Strophe I: The Point of Departure for the Telling, and the Composure through Which It Is Experienced. The Apprehending of a Destiny -- a) Dionysos as Witness of Divine and Human Beyng -- b) The Nearness of the Alpine Range as Nearness of the Origin -- 14. Strophes II and III: The River Rhine as Destiny. Hearing Its Origin and Assuming Its Vocation -- a) On the Distinction between a Poetic Understanding of Nature and the Scientific Representation of Nature -- b) Strophe II: Hearing the Origin -- ) Customary Ways of Hearing. The Gods' Hearing with Pity and Mortals' Not Wanting to Hear -- ) The Poet's Hearing That Stands Firm (Suffering) as Apprehending the Originary Origin in Its Springing Forth -- c) Strophe III: Origin, Self-Will, Destiny. Assuming One's Vocation -- ) The Appropriation of Its Authentic Beyng in the Turning of the River's Direction -- ) The Blindness of the Demigods as Excess of Vocation -- ) The Demigods' Lack from out of Abundance -- Chapter Two: A More Incisive Review. Poetizing and Historical Dasein -- 15. The Task of the Lecture Course: Entering the Domain in Which Poetry Unfolds Its Power, and the Opening Up of Its Actuality -- a) Founding the Essence of Poetizing and Grounding Dasein upon It. Poetizing as the Primordial Language of a People -- b) Hölderlin as the Poet of Future German Beyng -- 16. The Fundamental Approach in Which Our Interpretation Moves, Taking "Germania" as Our Point of Departure -- a) The Essence of Fundamental Attunement. The Thinking and Pondering of the Man in "Germania" as Configured in the Poetic Work "The Rhine" -- b) The Thinking of the Demigods -- 17. The Interpretation in Detail. The River Rhine as Demigod -- a) Strophe I: Reference to Dionysos. The Alps. Strophe II: The River Rhine in Its Origin -- b) Strophe III: The Demigods as the Blindest. The Lack of the Demigods. A) The Calculable Time of the Individual and the Originary Time of the Peoples -- b) The Historical Time of the Peoples as the Time of the Creators -- c) A Textual Question: Different Versions of "Patmos" -- d) Two Concepts of Eternity -- e) The Time That Is Essentially Long -- f) The Creators' Knowing When It Is Not the Time for the True to Come to Pass -- g) The Distinction between the Question What We Are and the Question Who We Are -- h) Partaking in the Poetry -- 7. The Linguistic Character of Poetry -- a) Language as the Most Dangerous of Goods -- b) The Decline of Language. The Essence and Corrupted Essence of Language -- c) Language and the Human Being's Fundamental Orientations toward Beings as a Whole -- d) Language as the Human Being's Protection against the God -- e) Poetizing and Language as Configuring the Ground of Historical Dasein -- f) The Being of the Human Being as Dialogue. Being Able to Hear and Speaking -- g) Being Exposed to Beings, the Individual and the Community -- h) Summary -- i) The Absence of Language in the Animal and in 'Nature' -- j) Poetizing and Language in Their Originary Belonging to the History of the Human Being -- Chapter Two: The Fundamental Attunement of Poetizing and the Historicality of Dasein -- 8. Unfolding the Fundamental Attunement -- a) The Provenance of Poetic Telling from out of the Fundamental Attunement -- b) Renouncing Calling the Gods of Old as Sustaining a Conflict. The Fundamental Attunement of Mourning and Its Three Aspects -- c) The Fundamental Attunement and the Holy. A Threefold Sheer Disinterestedness -- d) A Holy Mourning 'with' the Homeland as the Power of the Earth -- e) The Transposition of the Human Being Together with Beings into Attunement -- f) The Fundamental Attunement as a Mourning with the Rivers of the Earth of the Homeland. Cover -- CONTENTS -- Translators' Foreword -- Preliminary Remark -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. Outline of the Beginning, Manner of Proceeding, and Approach of the Lecture Course -- a) Concerning the Nature of Our Beginning. Commencement and Beginning -- b) Concerning Our Manner of Proceeding in General. Poetizing and Thinking -- c) Concerning Our Particular Approach. The Poetic Dasein of the Poet -- PART ONE: "GERMANIA" -- Chapter One: Preparatory Reflection: Poetry and Language -- 2. Provisional Path of Approach to the Poem as a Piece of Text -- a) The Overarching Resonance of the Telling as Origin for the Choice and Positioning of Words -- b) 'Content and Form' of the Poem, 'Depiction in Images' -- c) Hölderlin's 'Worldview' -- 3. Entering the Domain in Which Poetry Unfolds Its Power -- a) The Prevailing of Poetry in the Dasein of the Peoples -- b) Working Our Way through the Poem as a Struggle with Ourselves -- c) Two Textual Questions -- 4. Concerning the Essence of Poetry -- a) The Commonplace Conception of Poetry as an Outward Manifestation of Lived Experiences -- b) The Provenance of the Word Dichten, to 'Poetize' -- c) Poetizing as Telling in the Manner of a Making Manifest That Points -- d) Poetizing as Receiving the Beckonings of the Gods and Passing Them on to the People -- e) Everyday Appearance and the Being of Poetry -- f) Poetry Not as Merit, but Exposure to Beyng -- g) Poetic and Thoughtful Telling -- 5. The Question Concerning the 'We' in the Turbulence of the Dialogue -- a) The 'I' in Refusal of the Gods of Old -- b) The 'We, ' the Man, and the Eagle. The Speaking of Language -- c) The Beginnings of the Strophes -- d) The Relation of Today's Human Being to the Greeks and Their Gods -- e) The Question 'Who Are We?' -- 6. Determining the 'We' from out of the Horizon of the Question of Time. D) Founding of the Need Pertaining to a New Commencement of Our Historical Dasein within the Metaphysical Need of the Western World -- 11. Transitional Overview and Summary: Revisiting the Domains Opened Up Thus Far as a Way of Determining More Precisely the Intent of the Lecture Course -- a) The Four Essential Components of the Fundamental Attunement -- b) Fundamental Attunement as Exposure in the Midst of Beings That Are Manifest as a Whole -- c) Fundamental Attunement as Truth of a People. The Three Creative Forces of Historical Dasein -- d) Historical and Historiographical Truth -- e) Awakening the Fundamental Attunement as a Founding of Futural Historical Beyng -- f) The Conflict of Mourning and Joy within the Fundamental Attunement -- g) Entering into the Sphere of the River Poems. Transition from "Germania" to "The Rhine" -- PART TWO: "THE RHINE" -- Transitional Remark: The Question Concerning What Is 'Innermost' in a Poetic Work as a Question of the Opening Up and Founding of Beyng in the Each Time New Prevailing of Its Fundamental Attunement -- Chapter One: The Demigods as Mediating Middle between Gods and Humans. The Fundamental Attunement of the Poem. The Beyng of the Demigods and the Calling of the Poet -- 12. Thinking the Essence of the Demigods in the Founding Projection of the Poet -- a) The Distinction between Humans and Gods Opened Up in the Question Concerning the Essence of the Demigods as Founding a Realm of Beyng in General -- b) The Poet's Being Compelled to Think the Demigods at the Threshold of the Homeland as a Being Enjoined Back into Historical Dasein -- c) Destiny as the Fundamental Word of the Poem. A Preparatory Discussion of Destiny as the Beyng of the Demigods -- d) The Founding and Grounding of Beyng out of the Fundamental Attunement of Suffering-with the Suffering of the Demigods. G) The Opening Power of the Fundamental Attunement. Preserving the Divinity of the Old Gods While Mournfully Renouncing Them -- h) The Essentially Lawful Sequence of Decline Belonging to a Historical Dasein within the Need of the Absence of the Gods -- i) The Enduring of Abandonment by Those Who Doubt -- j) The Completion of the Prevailing Fundamental Attunement into Its Full Essence: The Distress of Holy Mourning as Readiness -- 9. Historical Time and Fundamental Attunement -- a) The Experience of the Earth of the Homeland in the Lucidity of a Questioning Knowing Concerning the Historical Mission of a People -- b) Provenance of the Pivotal Times of the Peoples from out of the Abyss -- c) Primordial Movedness of Fundamental Attunement. Having-Been and Past -- d) Temporalizing of Originary Time as the Fundamental Occurrence of the Fundamental Attunement -- e) The Decision in Favor of the Authentic Time of Poetizing as a Decision to Enter into the Fundamental Attunement -- 10. The Locale of Dasein Founded in "Germania" within the Horizon of the Heraclitean Thought -- a) The Poetic Telling of the Fundamental Attunement from a Standing within and Sustaining of Essential Conflicts -- ) The Nexus of Occurrence of the Images and the Attuning Power of the Fundamental Attunement -- ) Fundamental Attunement and "Intimacy." The Preserving Veiling of the Fundamental Attunement through the Nexus of Images of the Poetizing -- b) The Locale of Dasein Founded in "Germania" -- ) The "Fatherland" as the Historical Beyng of a People -- ) The Decline of the Fatherland as the Emergence of a New Unity of Nature and Humans -- c) On Hölderlin's Understanding of Being. The Power of the Heraclitean Thought -- ) Holderlin and Heraclitus -- ) Holderlin and Hegel. Martin Heidegger's 1934-1935 lectures on Friedrich Hölderlin's hymns 2Germania3 and 2The Rhine3 are considered the most significant among Heidegger's lectures on Hölderlin. Coming at a crucial time in his career, the text illustrates Heidegger's turn toward language, art, and poetry while reflecting his despair at his failure to revolutionize the German university and his hope for a more profound revolution through the German language, guided by Hölderlin's poetry. These lectures are important for understanding Heidegger's changing relation to politics, his turn toward Nietzsche, his thinking about the German language, and his breakthrough to a new kind of poetic thinking. First published in 1980 as volume 39 of Heidegger's Complete Works, this graceful and rigorous English-language translation will be widely discussed in continental philosophy and literary theory
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