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  1. Studying Lexical Dynamics and Language Change via Generalized Entropies: The Problem of Sample Size
    Autor*in: Koplenig, Alexander ; Wolfer, Sascha ; Müller-Spitzer, Carolin
    Erschienen: 2019
    Verlag:  Basel : MDPI

    Recently, it was demonstrated that generalized entropies of order α offer novel and important opportunities to quantify the similarity of symbol sequences where α is a free parameter. Varying this parameter makes it possible to magnify differences... mehr

     

    Recently, it was demonstrated that generalized entropies of order α offer novel and important opportunities to quantify the similarity of symbol sequences where α is a free parameter. Varying this parameter makes it possible to magnify differences between different texts at specific scales of the corresponding word frequency spectrum. For the analysis of the statistical properties of natural languages, this is especially interesting, because textual data are characterized by Zipf’s law, i.e., there are very few word types that occur very often (e.g., function words expressing grammatical relationships) and many word types with a very low frequency (e.g., content words carrying most of the meaning of a sentence). Here, this approach is systematically and empirically studied by analyzing the lexical dynamics of the German weekly news magazine Der Spiegel (consisting of approximately 365,000 articles and 237,000,000 words that were published between 1947 and 2017). We show that, analogous to most other measures in quantitative linguistics, similarity measures based on generalized entropies depend heavily on the sample size (i.e., text length). We argue that this makes it difficult to quantify lexical dynamics and language change and show that standard sampling approaches do not solve this problem. We discuss the consequences of the results for the statistical analysis of languages.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Zipfsches Gesetz; Sprachstatistik; Stichprobenumfang; Entropie; Sprachwandel
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  2. Studying Lexical Dynamics and Language Change via Generalized Entropies: The Problem of Sample Size
    Autor*in: Koplenig, Alexander ; Wolfer, Sascha ; Müller-Spitzer, Carolin
    Erschienen: 2020
    Verlag:  Basel : MDPI

    Recently, it was demonstrated that generalized entropies of order α offer novel and important opportunities to quantify the similarity of symbol sequences where α is a free parameter. Varying this parameter makes it possible to magnify differences... mehr

     

    Recently, it was demonstrated that generalized entropies of order α offer novel and important opportunities to quantify the similarity of symbol sequences where α is a free parameter. Varying this parameter makes it possible to magnify differences between different texts at specific scales of the corresponding word frequency spectrum. For the analysis of the statistical properties of natural languages, this is especially interesting, because textual data are characterized by Zipf’s law, i.e., there are very few word types that occur very often (e.g., function words expressing grammatical relationships) and many word types with a very low frequency (e.g., content words carrying most of the meaning of a sentence). Here, this approach is systematically and empirically studied by analyzing the lexical dynamics of the German weekly news magazine Der Spiegel (consisting of approximately 365,000 articles and 237,000,000 words that were published between 1947 and 2017). We show that, analogous to most other measures in quantitative linguistics, similarity measures based on generalized entropies depend heavily on the sample size (i.e., text length). We argue that this makes it difficult to quantify lexical dynamics and language change and show that standard sampling approaches do not solve this problem. We discuss the consequences of the results for the statistical analysis of languages.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einem Sammelband
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Entropie; Sprachstatistik; Sprachwandel; Stichprobenumfang; Zipfsches Gesetz
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  3. A large quantitative analysis of written language challenges the idea that all languages are equally complex
    Autor*in: Koplenig, Alexander ; Wolfer, Sascha ; Meyer, Peter
    Erschienen: 2023
    Verlag:  Berlin : Springer Nature ; Mannheim : Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS)

    One of the fundamental questions about human language is whether all languages are equally complex. Here, we approach this question from an information-theoretic perspective. We present a large scale quantitative cross-linguistic analysis of written... mehr

     

    One of the fundamental questions about human language is whether all languages are equally complex. Here, we approach this question from an information-theoretic perspective. We present a large scale quantitative cross-linguistic analysis of written language by training a language model on more than 6500 different documents as represented in 41 multilingual text collections consisting of ~ 3.5 billion words or ~ 9.0 billion characters and covering 2069 different languages that are spoken as a native language by more than 90% of the world population. We statistically infer the entropy of each language model as an index of what we call average prediction complexity. We compare complexity rankings across corpora and show that a language that tends to be more complex than another language in one corpus also tends to be more complex in another corpus. In addition, we show that speaker population size predicts entropy. We argue that both results constitute evidence against the equi-complexity hypothesis from an information-theoretic perspective.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Sprache (400)
    Schlagworte: Sprachstatistik; Komplexität; Informationstheorie; Korpus; Kontrastive Linguistik; Entropie
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  4. Chaos imagined
    literature, art, science
    Autor*in: Meisel, Martin
    Erschienen: [2016]
    Verlag:  Columbia University Press, New York

    Standort:
    Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg, Zentralbibliothek (ZB)
    Signatur:
    90.662.69
    Fernleihe:
    uneingeschränkte Fernleihe, Kopie und Ausleihe
    Titel im lokalen Katalog:
    https://hds.hebis.de/ubffm/Record/HEB369807189
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Hinweise zum Inhalt
    Quelle: Fachkatalog Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Buch (Monographie)
    Format: Druck
    ISBN: 023116632X; 9780231166324
    Schlagworte: Künste; Chaos <Motiv>; Entropie <Motiv>; Literatur
    Umfang: XVI, 585 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Bemerkung(en):

    Forthcoming publication

    Includes bibliographical references and index.

    Literaturverz. S. 539 - 558