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  1. IGGSA-STEPS: Shared Task on Source and Target Extraction from Political Speeches
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Struß, Julia Maria
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Gesellschaft für Sprachtechnologie und Computerlinguistik : Regensburg

    Accurate opinion mining requires the exact identification of the source and target of an opinion. To evaluate diverse tools, the research community relies on the existence of a gold standard corpus covering this need. Since such a corpus is currently... mehr

     

    Accurate opinion mining requires the exact identification of the source and target of an opinion. To evaluate diverse tools, the research community relies on the existence of a gold standard corpus covering this need. Since such a corpus is currently not available for German, the Interest Group on German Sentiment Analysis decided to create such a resource and make it available to the research community in the context of a shared task. In this paper, we describe the selection of textual sources, development of annotation guidelines, and first evaluation results in the creation of a gold standard corpus for the German language.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Korpus; Annotation; Parlamentsdebatte; Data Mining; Politische Sprache; Automatische Sprachanalyse
    Lizenz:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  2. Is it worth the effort? Assessing the benefits of partial automatic pre-labeling for frame-semantic annotation
    Autor*in: Rehbein, Ines ; Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Sporleder, Caroline
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Heidelberg/New York : Springer

    Corpora with high-quality linguistic annotations are an essential component in many NLP applications and a valuable resource for linguistic research. For obtaining these annotations, a large amount of manual effort is needed, making the creation of... mehr

     

    Corpora with high-quality linguistic annotations are an essential component in many NLP applications and a valuable resource for linguistic research. For obtaining these annotations, a large amount of manual effort is needed, making the creation of these resources time-consuming and costly. One attempt to speed up the annotation process is to use supervised machine-learning systems to automatically assign (possibly erroneous) labels to the data and ask human annotators to correct them where necessary. However, it is not clear to what extent these automatic pre-annotations are successful in reducing human annotation effort, and what impact they have on the quality of the resulting resource. In this article, we present the results of an experiment in which we assess the usefulness of partial semi-automatic annotation for frame labeling. We investigate the impact of automatic pre-annotation of differing quality on annotation time, consistency and accuracy. While we found no conclusive evidence that it can speed up human annotation, we found that automatic pre-annotation does increase its overall quality.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  3. A constructional account of genre-based argument omissions
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Michaelis, Laura A.
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  John Benjamins Publishing Company

    Authors like Fillmore 1986 and Goldberg 2006 have made a strong case for regarding argument omission in English as a lexical and construction-based affordance rather than one based on general semantico-pragmatic constraints. They do not, however,... mehr

     

    Authors like Fillmore 1986 and Goldberg 2006 have made a strong case for regarding argument omission in English as a lexical and construction-based affordance rather than one based on general semantico-pragmatic constraints. They do not, however, address the question of how grammatical restrictions on null complementation might interact with broader narrative conventions, in particular those of genre. In this paper, we attempt to remedy this oversight by presenting a comprehensive overview of genre-based argument omissions and offering a construction-based analysis of genre-based omission conventions. We consider five genre-based omission types: instructional imperatives (Culy 1996, Bender 1999), labelese, diary style (Haegeman 1990), match reports (Ruppenhofer 2004) and quotative clauses. We show that these omission types share important traits; all, for example, have anaphoric rather than indefinite construals. We also show, however, that the omission types differ from each other in idiosyncratic ways. We then address several interrelated representational problems posed by the grammatical treatment of genre-based omissions. For example, the constructions that represent genre-based omission conventions must interact with the lexical entries of verbs, many of which do not generally permit omitted arguments. Accordingly, we offer constructional analyses of genre-based omissions that allow constructions to override lexical valence constraints.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Argumentstruktur; Automatische Sprachanalyse; Konstruktionsgrammatik
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  4. Framenet in Action: The Case of Attaching
    Autor*in: Fillmore, Charles J. ; Schwarzer-Petruck, Myriam ; Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Wright, Abby
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Oxford : Oxford University Press

  5. Shouting and screaming: manner and noise verbs in communication
    Autor*in: Urban, Margaret Urban ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Oxford : Oxford University Press

    When a noise verb is used to indicate verbal communication, factors from both the source domain of the verb (perception) and the target domain (communication) play a role in determining the argument structure of the sentence. While the target domain... mehr

     

    When a noise verb is used to indicate verbal communication, factors from both the source domain of the verb (perception) and the target domain (communication) play a role in determining the argument structure of the sentence. While the target domain supplies a syntactic structure, the source domain’s semantics constrain the degree to which that syntactic structure can be exploited. This can be determined by comparing noise verbs in this use with manner-of-communication verbs, which are superficially similar, but native to communication. Data for these two classes of verbs were drawn from the British National Corpus. The data were annotated with frame-semantic markup, as described in the Berkeley FrameNet Project. We compared the presence, type of syntactic realization, and position of the semantically annotated arguments for both classes of verbs. We found that noise and manner verbs show statistically significant differences in these three areas. For instance, noise verbs are more focused on the form of the message than manner verbs: noise verbs appear more frequently with a quoted message. In addition, there are differences other than the complementation patterns: certain noise verbs are biased with respect to speakers’ genders, message types, and even orthography in quoted messages

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Englisch; Semasiologie; Sprachstatistik
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  6. Valence Creation and the German Applicative: the Inherent Semantics of Linking Patterns
    Autor*in: Michaelis, Laura A. ; Ruppenhofer, Josef
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Oxford : Oxford University Press

    We provide a unified account of semantic effects observable in attested examples of the German applicative (‘be-’) construction, e.g. Rollstuhlfahrer Poul Sehachsen aus Kopenhagen will den 1997 erschienenen Wegweiser Handiguide Europa fortführen und... mehr

     

    We provide a unified account of semantic effects observable in attested examples of the German applicative (‘be-’) construction, e.g. Rollstuhlfahrer Poul Sehachsen aus Kopenhagen will den 1997 erschienenen Wegweiser Handiguide Europa fortführen und zusammen mit Movado Berlin berollen (‘Wheelchair user Poul Schacksen from Copenhagen wants to continue the guide ‘Handiguide Europe’, which came out in 1997, and roll Berlin together with Movado.’). We argue that these effects do not come from lexico-semantic operations on ‘input’ verbs, but are instead the products of a reconciliation procedure in which the meaning of the verb is integrated into the event-structure schema denoted by the applicative construction. We analyze the applicative pattern as an argument-structure construction, in terms of Goldberg (1995). We contrast this approach with that of Brinkmann (1997), in which properties associated with the applicative pattern (e.g. omissibility of the theme argument, holistic interpretation of the goal argument, and planar construal of the location argument) are attributed to general semantico-pragmatic principles. We undermine the generality of the principles as stated, and assert that these properties are instead construction-particular. We further argue that the constructional account provides an elegant model of the valence-creation and valence-augmentation functions of the prefix. We describe the constructional semantics as prototype-based: diverse implications of fee-predications, including iteration, transfer, affectedness, intensity and saturation, derive via regular patterns of semantic extension from the topological concept of coverage.

     
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    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Deutsch; Semasiologie; Formale Semantik; Kompositinalität; Verb; Valenz
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
  7. Frames, polarity and causation
    Autor*in: Ruppenhofer, Josef ; Michaelis, Laura A.
    Erschienen: 2016
    Verlag:  Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press

    A polarity-sensitive item (PSI), as traditionally defined, is an expression that is restricted to either an affirmative or negative context. PSIs like ‘lift a finger’ and ‘all the time in the world’ sub-serve discourse routines like understatement... mehr

     

    A polarity-sensitive item (PSI), as traditionally defined, is an expression that is restricted to either an affirmative or negative context. PSIs like ‘lift a finger’ and ‘all the time in the world’ sub-serve discourse routines like understatement and emphasis. Lexical–semantic classes are increasingly invoked in descriptions of the properties of PSIs. Here, we use English corpus data and the tools of Frame Semantics (Fillmore, 1982, 1985) to explore Israel’s (2011) observation that the semantic role of a PSI determines how the expression fits into a contextually constructed scalar model. We focus on a class of exceptions implied by Israel’s model: cases in which a given PSI displays two countervailing patterns of polarity sensitivity, with attendant differences in scalar entailments. We offer a set of case studies of polaritysensitive expressions – including verbs of attraction and aversion like ‘can live without’, monetary units like ‘a red cent’, comparative adjectives and time-span adverbials – that demonstrate that the interpretation of a given PSI in a given polar context is based on multiple factors. These factors include the speaker’s perspective on and affective stance towards the described event, available inferences about causality and, perhaps most critically, particulars of the predication, including the verb or adjective’s frame membership, the presence or absence of an ability modal like can, the grammatical construction used and the range of contingencies evoked by the utterance.

     
    Export in Literaturverwaltung   RIS-Format
      BibTeX-Format
    Quelle: BASE Fachausschnitt Germanistik
    Sprache: Englisch
    Medientyp: Aufsatz aus einer Zeitschrift
    Format: Online
    DDC Klassifikation: Linguistik (410)
    Schlagworte: Frame-Semantik; Formale Semantik; Wissensextration; Affirmativer Polaritätsausdruck
    Lizenz:

    rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess