Using generalized additive models and random forests to model prosodic prominence in German
The perception of prosodic prominence is influenced by different sources like different acoustic cues, linguistic expectations and context. We use a generalized additive model and a random forest to model the perceived prominence on a corpus of...
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The perception of prosodic prominence is influenced by different sources like different acoustic cues, linguistic expectations and context. We use a generalized additive model and a random forest to model the perceived prominence on a corpus of spoken German. Both models are able to explain over 80% of the variance. While the random forests give us some insights on the relative importance of the cues, the general additive model gives us insights on the interaction between different cues to prominence.
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DIMA – Annotation guidelines for German intonation
This paper presents newly developed guidelines for prosodic annotation of German as a consensus system agreed upon by German intonologists. The DIMA system is rooted in the framework of autosegmental-metrical phonology. One important goal of the...
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This paper presents newly developed guidelines for prosodic annotation of German as a consensus system agreed upon by German intonologists. The DIMA system is rooted in the framework of autosegmental-metrical phonology. One important goal of the consensus is to make exchanging data between groups easier since German intonation is currently annotated according to different models. To this end, we aim to provide guidelines that are easy to learn. The guidelines were evaluated running an inter-annotator reliability study on three different speech styles (read speech, monologue and dialogue). The overall high κ between 0.76 and 0.89 (depending on the speech style) shows that the DIMA conventions can be applied successfully.
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Obtaining prominence judgments from naïve listeners – Influence of rating scales, linguistic levels and normalisation
A frequently replicated finding is that higher frequency words tend to be shorter and contain more strongly reduced vowels. However, little is known about potential differences in the articulatory gestures for high vs. low frequency words. The...
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A frequently replicated finding is that higher frequency words tend to be shorter and contain more strongly reduced vowels. However, little is known about potential differences in the articulatory gestures for high vs. low frequency words. The present study made use of electromagnetic articulography to investigate the production of two German vowels, [i] and [a], embedded in high and low frequency words. We found that word frequency differently affected the production of [i] and [a] at the temporal as well as the gestural level. Higher frequency of use predicted greater acoustic durations for long vowels; reduced durations for short vowels; articulatory trajectories with greater tongue height for [i] and more pronounced downward articulatory trajectories for [a]. These results show that the phonological contrast between short and long vowels is learned better with experience, and challenge both the Smooth Signal Redundancy Hypothesis and current theories of German phonology.
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Comparing word and syllable prominence rated by naïve listeners
Prominence has been widely studied on the word level and the syllable level. An extensive study comparing the two approaches is missing in the literature. This study investigates how word and syllable prominence relate to each other in German. We...
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Prominence has been widely studied on the word level and the syllable level. An extensive study comparing the two approaches is missing in the literature. This study investigates how word and syllable prominence relate to each other in German. We find that perceptual ratings based on the word level are more extreme than those based on the syllable level. The correlations between word prominence and acoustic features are greater than the correlations between syllable prominence and acoustic features.
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The effect of priming on the correlations between prominence ratings and acoustic features
In previous research we showed that the priming paradigm can be used to significantly alter the prominence ratings of subjects. In that study we only looked at the changes in the subjects’ ratings. In the present study, we analyzed the acoustic...
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In previous research we showed that the priming paradigm can be used to significantly alter the prominence ratings of subjects. In that study we only looked at the changes in the subjects’ ratings. In the present study, we analyzed the acoustic parameters of the stimuli used in the priming study and investigated the correlation between prominence ratings and acoustic parameters. The results show that priming has a significant effect on these correlations. The contribution of acoustic features on perceived prominence was found to depend on the prominence pattern. If a dominantly prominent syllable is present in a given utterance, f0 and intensity contribute most to the perceived prominence, while duration contributes most when no syllable is dominantly prominent.
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Evaluating different rating scales for obtaining judgments of syllable prominence from naïve listeners
Streefkerk defines prominence as the perceptually outstanding parts in spoken language. An optimal rating scale for syllable prominence has not been found yet. This paper evaluates a 4-point, an 11-point, a 31-point, and a continuous scale for the...
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Streefkerk defines prominence as the perceptually outstanding parts in spoken language. An optimal rating scale for syllable prominence has not been found yet. This paper evaluates a 4-point, an 11-point, a 31-point, and a continuous scale for the rating of syllable prominence and gives support for scales using a higher number of levels. Priming effects found by Arnold, et al., could only be replicated using the 31-point scale.
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Automatic Prominence Annotation of a German Speech Synthesis Corpus: Towards Prominence-Based Prosody Generation for Unit Selection Synthesis
This paper describes work directed towards the development of a syllable prominence-based prosody generation functionality for a German unit selection speech synthesis system. A general concept for syllable prominence-based prosody generation in unit...
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This paper describes work directed towards the development of a syllable prominence-based prosody generation functionality for a German unit selection speech synthesis system. A general concept for syllable prominence-based prosody generation in unit selection synthesis is proposed. As a first step towards its implementation, an automated syllable prominence annotation procedure based on acoustic analyses has been performed on the BOSS speech corpus. The prominence labeling has been evaluated against an existing annotation of lexical stress levels and manual prominence labeling on a subset of the corpus. We discuss methods and results and give an outlook on further implementation steps.
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The influence of top-down expectations on the perception of syllable prominence
In our study we use the experimental framework of priming to manipulate our subjects’ expectations of syllable prominence in sentences with a well-defined syntactic and phonological structure. It shows that it is possible to prime prominence patterns...
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In our study we use the experimental framework of priming to manipulate our subjects’ expectations of syllable prominence in sentences with a well-defined syntactic and phonological structure. It shows that it is possible to prime prominence patterns and that priming leads to significant differences in the judgment of syllable prominence.
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Tagungsband Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung ESSV 2001 / Systematische Überprüfung deutscher Wortbetonungsregeln
In der hier vorgestellten Studie wurde die Vorhersagegenauigkeit verschiedener Regeln für die deutsche Wortbetonung untersucht. Die untersuchten Regeln stammen aus Arbeiten, die weitgehend im Rahmen der Metrischen Phonologie entstanden sind. In einem...
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In der hier vorgestellten Studie wurde die Vorhersagegenauigkeit verschiedener Regeln für die deutsche Wortbetonung untersucht. Die untersuchten Regeln stammen aus Arbeiten, die weitgehend im Rahmen der Metrischen Phonologie entstanden sind. In einem anschließenden Produktionsexperiment wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Wortbetonung und Silbengewicht noch eingehender überprüft. Regeln, welche Flexionssuffixe bei der Betonungsvorhersage ignorieren und das Silbengewicht betrachten, stellen sich als recht erfolgreich heraus. Die übliche Klassifikation in leichte und schwere Silben aufgrund einer einfachen Unterscheidung der Segmente in Konsonanten und Vokale scheint aber zu vereinfacht, da herbei wichtige Lauteigenschaften wie der Grad der Sonorität vernachlässigt werden.
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DIMA - Annotation Guidelines for German Intonation
This paper presents newly developed guidelines for prosodic annotation of German as a consensus system agreed upon by German intonologists. The DIMA system is rooted in the framework of autosegmental-metrical phonology. One important goal of the...
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This paper presents newly developed guidelines for prosodic annotation of German as a consensus system agreed upon by German intonologists. The DIMA system is rooted in the framework of autosegmental-metrical phonology. One important goal of the consensus is to make exchanging data between groups easier since German intonation is currently annotated according to different models. To this end, we aim to provide guidelines that are easy to learn. The guidelines were evaluated running an inter-annotator reliability study on three different speech styles (read speech, monologue and dialogue). The overall high κ between 0.76 and 0.89 (depending on the speech style) shows that the DIMA conventions can be applied successfully.
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Systematische Überprüfung deutscher Wortbetonungsregeln
Wagner P. Systematische Überprüfung deutscher Wortbetonungsregeln. In: Hess W, Stöber K, eds. Tagungsband Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung ESSV 2001 . Vol 22. Bonn, Germany; 2001: 329-338. ; In der hier vorgestellten Studie wurde die...
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Wagner P. Systematische Überprüfung deutscher Wortbetonungsregeln. In: Hess W, Stöber K, eds. Tagungsband Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung ESSV 2001 . Vol 22. Bonn, Germany; 2001: 329-338. ; In der hier vorgestellten Studie wurde die Vorhersagegenauigkeit verschiedener Regeln für die deutsche Wortbetonung untersucht. Die untersuchten Regeln stammen aus Arbeiten, die weitgehend im Rahmen der Metrischen Phonologie entstanden sind. In einem anschließenden Produktionsexperiment wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Wortbetonung und Silbengewicht noch eingehender überprüft. Regeln, welche Flexionssuffixe bei der Betonungsvorhersage ignorieren und das Silbengewicht betrachten, stellen sich als recht erfolgreich heraus. Die übliche Klassifikation in leichte und schwere Silben aufgrund einer einfachen Unterscheidung der Segmente in Konsonanten und Vokale scheint aber zu vereinfacht, da herbei wichtige Lauteigenschaften wie der Grad der Sonorität vernachlässigt werden.
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DIMA - Annotation Guidelines for German Intonation
Kügler F, Smolibocki B, Arnold D, et al. DIMA - Annotation Guidelines for German Intonation. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences . Glasgow, Scotland; 2015: 317. ; This paper presents newly developed guidelines for...
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Kügler F, Smolibocki B, Arnold D, et al. DIMA - Annotation Guidelines for German Intonation. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences . Glasgow, Scotland; 2015: 317. ; This paper presents newly developed guidelines for prosodic annotation of German as a consensus system agreed upon by German intonologists. The DIMA system is rooted in the framework of autosegmental-metrical phonology. One important goal of the consensus is to make exchanging data between groups easier since German intonation is currently annotated according to different models. To this end, we aim to provide guidelines that are easy to learn. The guidelines were evaluated running an inter-annotator reliability study on three different speech styles (read speech, monologue and dialogue). The overall high κ between 0.76 and 0.89 (depending on the speech style) shows that the DIMA conventions can be applied successfully.
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